la palma tsunami east coast

There's no evidence that this will happen. [8], At 10:00 p.m. on January 8, 1731, a landslide with a volume of possibly 6,000,000 cubic metres (7,800,000 cu yd) fell from the mountain Skafjell from a height of 500 metres (1,600 ft) into the Storfjorden opposite Stranda, Norway. Tens of millions of lives could be lost in the cities and/or towns of St. John's, Halifax, Boston, New York, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Miami, Havana and the rest of the eastern coasts of the United States and Canada, as well as many other cities on the Atlantic coast in Europe, South America and Africa. The four eyewitnesses to the wave in Lituya Bay itself all survived and described it as between 30 and 76 metres (100 and 250 ft) high. Mega Tsunami could wipe out East Coast of the United States. Transcript "Mega-tsunami; Wave of Destruction", Horizon. However, this hasn't stopped the propagation of dread. This collection contains 20 papers presented at Coastlines of the Gulf of Mexico, part of Coastal Zone '93, the Eighth Symposium on Coastal and Ocean Management, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, July 19-23,1993. "There is NO tsunami danger for the U.S. East Coast at this time, following the eruption of Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands," the agency posted on Facebook on Sept. 19 when the . This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Your Immune System. Welcome to La Palma La Palms is one of the 7 main Canary Islands, home to 81,000 people, and a giant, scary volcano. Bonelli-Rubio, J. M; 1950. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. LA PALMA LANDSLIDE CAUSING NYC TSUNAMI & NWO - VIDEO GAME PREDICTIVE PROGRAMMING. But as a Cumbre Vieja landslide tsunami may constitute a threat to Brazil, Canada, Caribbean, Ireland, Morocco, the Northeastern United States, Portugal and the United Kingdom, the current seismic unrest . This morning, explosive activity at the vents was stronger again, producing ash plumes that rose to 8,000 ft (2.4 km) altitude and drifting west over the ocean. Rather, there was a band of younger trees closer to the shore. Danjeon Breathing is gaining popularity with those who study other energy healing arts such as Yoga, and they often incorporate Danjeon Breathing exercises into their current regime. Both are determined to prevent the tsunami from being triggered, but with only a couple of hours to go before the plan comes to fruition and enemies at every turn, there's a very good chance that they'll be dead long before the clock stops ... Posted by 11 days ago. [29], A study of Lituya Bay in 1953 concluded that sometime around 1874, perhaps in May 1874, a megatsunami occurred in Lituya Bay in Alaska. One concern he has repeated a few times is the earthquakes.  Specifically, the depth, and he is right.  When they start getting shallow, that’s a very bad sign.  Also, the evacuations he discusses in the video above, are likewise featured in the following Global News report. Tribulation. The mega-tsunami is impossible, but a volcanic collapse in the Canary Islands could definitely cause a deadly tsunami up and down the east coast. Destiny comes to those who listen, 0. [67], Although known earlier to the local population, a crack 2 metres (6.6 ft) wide and 500 metres (1,640 ft) in length in the side of the mountain Åkerneset in Norway was rediscovered in 1983 and attracted scientific attention. All-Hazards Safety and Geologists assess that an eventual catastrophic collapse of 18,000,000 to 54,000,000 cubic metres (24,000,000 to 71,000,000 cu yd) of rock into Sunnylvsfjorden is inevitable and could generate megatsunamis of 35 to 100 metres (115 to 328 ft) in height on the fjord′s opposite shore. "Three of the five tsunami warning Buoys protecting the US East Coast was offline and a fourth was malfunctioning, leaving only one buoy in the Atlantic Ocean to warn Americans if a tsunami wave was coming at them from the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands." Forestry workers, glaciologists, and geographers call the boundary between these bands a trim line. During the IDNDR, this book was conceptualized, and planning for its completion began. Now that you’ve seen the videos, be sure to read Professor Lock’s analysis includes a detailed analysis of how the tsunami occurs and why it will be the end of New York City.  It is part three of the ebook. Management Consulting Company. Fact check: Tsunami reaching East Coast due to Spanish volcano highly unlikely, experts say. [30], The eruption of Krakatoa created pyroclastic flows which generated megatsunamis when they hit the waters of the Sunda Strait on 27 August 1883. In 1949, the Cumbre Vieja volcano erupted along the coast of La Palma and caused an earthquake that created a mile-long fissure on its east side. La Palma, Canary Islands — 62 miles (100 km) off the west coast of Morocco in the Atlantic Ocean — is 3,234 miles from New York City. Subsequent mathematical modeling at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Mader, 1999, Mader & Gittings, 2002) supported the proposed mechanism and indicated that there was indeed sufficient volume of water and an adequately deep layer of sediments in the Lituya Bay inlet to account for the giant wave runup and the subsequent inundation. The theft of nuclear artillery shells spells disaster for Charlie Dean. For the first time since 1971, lava has reached the surface on the island of La Palma at the volcano, prompting . Day and Ward have admitted that their original analysis of the danger was based on several worst case assumptions. and never give up hope! The waves destroyed the villages of Bødal and Nesdal near the southern end of the lake, killing 61 people — half their combined population — and 261 farm animals and destroying 60 houses, all the local boathouses, and 70 to 80 boats, one of which — the tourist boat Lodalen — was thrown 300 metres (328 yd) inland by the last wave and wrecked. As they say, a picture is worth a thousand words, so now five the videos. But trying to evacuate literally millions of people from Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington DC, Norfolk, Savannah, Jacksonville, Miami, and ALL the people on ALL the Florida Keys (which would be completely over-washed), is not physically possible even in 7 . La Palma Tsunami – What Are The Odds It Will Not Happen. Based on this evidence, the scientists hypothesized that there had been an unusually large wave or waves in the deep inlet. Hearing the word tsunami, surely everyone will get goose. The initial wave is 914 meters (3000 . The waves killed 17 people. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. This was the most likely scenario of the event – the "PC model" that was adopted for subsequent mathematical modeling studies with source dimensions and parameters provided as input. The answers to these and many other questions are in this book. The computer simulation designed by the . The Feel Better on Your Own System system includes the Symptoms Handbook and six HD DVDs, with low-impact and high-impact exercises. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. If you hear that a landslide has taken place on La Palma, EVACUATE from the east coast immediately. LAST MINUTES: New lava flow overflow at main cone at 2:15 pm in Canary Islands. Damaging waves struck as far as way as Ørskog. La Palma volcano eruption update: explosive and effusive activity continue at stable levels. The large monolithic mass of rock struck the sediments at bottom of Gilbert Inlet at the head of the bay with great force. CEO Experts are pushing back at a decades-old theory that a volcanic eruption on the island of La Palma in the Canary Islands could trigger a tsunami that would reach the East Coast of the United States, USA Today is reporting. In each of my weekly Planet X Conference zoom meetings, I discuss the consequences of a La Palma tsunami for America's East Coast and offer tips and insights on what can be done to survive such a disaster. [32], On October 27, 1936, a megatsunami occurred in Lituya Bay in Alaska with a maximum run-up height of 149 metres (490 ft) in Crillon Inlet at the head of the bay. [57], Cumbre Vieja remained dormant until an eruption began on September 19, 2021. FOR THIS SUNDAY: The La Palma segment now begins with a live reading of the Prophecy of Aaron from Marshall's book, Being In It for the Species. What would you do, and with whom, and more importantly, how will you work together to survive? [60][61] A 2008 study examined this scenario and concluded that while it could cause a megatsunami, it would be local to the Canary Islands and would diminish in height, becoming a smaller tsunami by the time it reached the continents as the waves interfered and spread across the oceans.[51]. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. A new volcanic eruption is underway right now in the Canary Islands , prompting unfounded fears that a mega tsunami will be hurled to the U.S. East Coast. When it does collapse, without warning, it causes a mega-tsunami which devastates the east coast of America, killing millions, destroying cities, including New York and Washington. Along North Shore to Halawa Valley, Molokai", "Likely occurrence of mega-tsunami in the Middle Pleistocene near Coquimbo, Chile", "Hazard potential of volcanic flank collapses raised by new megatsunami evidence", Alden, Andrew, "The 'Tahoe Tsunami': New Study Envisions Early Geologic Event," kqed.org, July 31, 2014, Retrieved 23 June 2020, "Prehistoric North Sea 'Atlantis' hit by 5m tsunami", Hoel, Christer, "The Skafjell Rock Avalanche in 1731," fjords.com Retrieved 23 June 2020, Hoel, Christer, "The Tjelle Rock Avalanche in 1756," fjords.com Retrieved 22 June 2020, Hoel, Christer, "The Loen Accidents in 1905 and 1936," fjords.com Retrieved 22 June 2020, Hoel, Christer, "The Tafjord Accident in 1934," fjords.com Retrieved 22 June 2020, "Modeling the 1958 Lituya Bay Mega-Tsunami, II", researchgate.net The 2015 Landslide and Tsunami in Taan Fiord, Alaska, nps.gov National Park Service, "Taan Fjord Landslide and Tsunami," nps.gov, Retrieved 16 June 2020, Rozell, Ned, "The giant wave of Icy Bay," alaska.edu, April 7, 2016 Retrieved 16 June 2020, Underwood, Emily, "Study of Alaskan Landslide Could Improve Tsunami Modeling," eos.org, April 26, 2019 Retrieved 16 June 2020, Mooney, Chris, "One of the biggest tsunamis ever recorded was set off three years ago by a melting glacier," washingtonpost.com, September 6, 2018 Retrieved 16 June 2020, Stolz, Kit, "Why Scientists Are Worried About a Landslide No One Saw or Heard," atlasobscura.com, March 17, 2017 Retrieved 16 June 2020, Morford Stacy, "Detecting Landslides from a Few Seismic Wiggles," columbia.edu, December 18, 2015 Retrieved 16 June 2020, "New Research Puts 'Killer La Palma Tsunami' At Distant Future", Tsunami deposits related to flank collapse in oceanic volcanoes: The Agaete Valley evidence, Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, "No, Hawaii's Volcano Won't Trigger a Mega-Tsunami", "Landslides in the Vancouver-Fraser Valley-Whistler region", "Spanish Canary Island volcano erupts after weeks of earthquakes", "Megatsunami deposits on Kohala volcano, Hawaii, from flank collapse of Mauna Loa", "A Gigantic Tsunami in the Hawaiian Islands 120,000 Years Ago", "The Megatsunami: Possible Modern Threat", "Megatsunami Deposits vs. High-stand Deposits in Hawi'i", Hole, Christer, "The Åkerneset Rock Avalanche," fjords.com Retrieved 23 June 2020, "Recent structural evolution of the Cumbre Vieja volcano, La Palma, Canary Islands: volcanic rift zone re-configuration as a precursor to flank instability", "Evaluation of the Threat of Mega Tsunami Generation from Postulated Massive Slope Failure of Island Stratovolcanoes on La Palma, Canary Islands, and on The Island of Hawaii, George", "Cumbre Vieja Volcano — Potential collapse and tsunami at La Palma, Canary Islands", "Impacts, mega-tsunami, and other extraordinary claims", World's Biggest Tsunami: The largest recorded tsunami with a wave 1720 feet tall in Lituya Bay, Alaska, Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis, North West Shelf Operational Oceanographic System, Jason-2 (Ocean Surface Topography Mission), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megatsunami&oldid=1051723482, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from July 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2011, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, A series of megatsunamis were generated by the, The collapse of the ancestral Mount Amarelo in, A major collapse of the western edge of the, Approximately 8,000 years ago, a large volcanic landslide off. In deep water it is possible that a tsunami could pass beneath a ship without the crew of the vessel noticing. This book guides you through the development process with detailed instructions for designing, building, and shielding communities for self-sufficiency, survival, and colonization. La Palma Volcano eruptions could send MASSIVE tsunami to U.S. East Coast. The good news in that report is that any tsunami action caused by a La Palma landslide would take between five and six hours to reach the U.S. coast. This indicated that a large force had impacted all of the elder trees above the trim line, and presumably had killed off all the trees below it. N and 18 deg. It features the Egyptian account of Exodus, plus a unique Celtic biography of Jesus. The eruption remains stable without significant changes in intensity. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Above the upper limit of the tsunami, trees lie where they were knocked down by the pyroclastic surge; below the limit, the fallen trees and the surge deposits were removed by the megatsunami and deposited in Spirit Lake. Because of the volcanic explosion in Europe, a tsunami is unlikely to impact the east coast. In The Cure for Catastrophe, global risk expert Robert Muir-Wood argues that our natural disasters are in fact human ones: We build in the wrong places and in the wrong way, putting brick buildings in earthquake country, timber ones in fire ... La Palma Tsunami - For the US East Coast It's Getting Real Marshall Masters | October 15, 2021 Today was the 26th day since the volcano began erupting on the Island of La Palma, and the volcano is far from tapering off. The nation's top business and political leaders routinely practice it daily for health and mental acuity. Such a tsunami could wipe out American cities on the East coast, such as New York, Boston, or even Washington, DC. Determining a height range typical of megatsunamis is a complex and scientifically debated topic. The primary event occurred in the form of a large and sudden impulsive impact when about 40 million cubic yards of rock several hundred metres above the bay was fractured by the earthquake, and fell "practically as a monolithic unit" down the almost-vertical slope and into the bay. At Fjørå, waves reached 13 metres (43 ft), destroyed buildings, removed all soil, and killed 17 people. This volume consists of a collection of the latest scientific research by international experts in geological, geophysical, engineering and environment aspects of submarine mass failures, focussed on understanding the full spectrum of ... Culliney, John L. (2006) Islands in a Far Sea: The Fate of Nature in Hawaii. Watch popular content from the following creators: Sammie_joh(@sammie_joh), Joelle(@joelleanthony), Tacit306sskm(@strippedbare), Joelle(@joelleanthony), semperpew(@semperpew) . Bonelli-Rubio visited the summit area of the volcano and found that a fissure about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) long had opened on the east side of the summit. Realize also that La Palma may be used as a cover story for the evil forces aligned with satan to set off tsunami bombs in the ocean, which if so, could be the real cause of the East Coast tsunami. Løvholt, F., G. Pedersen, and G. Gisler. Also, in each of my weekly Planet X Conference zoom meetings, I discuss the consequences of a La Palma tsunami for America’s East Coast and offer tips and insights on what can be done to survive such a disaster.  I hope to see you this Sunday. Ltd. Another volcanologist, Janine Krippner, added:[52]. Geografico y Catastral, 25 pp. Use the handbook to modify the standard exercises routines or to tailor a complete personal exercise plan. One survivor suffered serious injuries requiring hospitalization. AMORY NEWS, Oct 14, 2021 The explosion was heard over 3000 miles away and the sound wave of the explosion circled the earth 7 times. Massive enough, to send over a billion tons of rock sliding into the ocean, causing… A megatsunami. They were averse to needles and afraid of dying from an infectious disease such as the common cold or flu. A volcano has erupted on the Spanish Canary Island of La Palma, prompting unfounded fears that a so-called mega-tsunami could be headed to the East Coast of the United States. The book claims that hazard-mitigation strategies must now address the possibility of future collapse events which may be ten-times greater than that at Mount St Helens in 1980. So learn what you can learn, While the video above gives you a tight shot of these speedy rivers of magma, the next video opens with a wider, stunning view of magma pouring out of the volcano. Steep cliffs on the Cape Verde Islands have been caused by catastrophic debris avalanches. [48] The size and power of a wave generated by such means could produce devastating effects, travelling across oceans and inundating up to 25 kilometres (16 mi) inland from the coast. Immanuel Gabriel encounters his deceased grandfather as he attempts to investigate the end of the world, predicted by Mayan prophecy to occur in 2012, and learns dark secrets about human history. The wave had a maximum run-up height of 120 metres (394 ft), flooding the coast of the bay up to 229 metres (750 ft) inland. It would hit the coast of Portugal, mainland Spain and England. Even more bizarre is this video game called Secret Files 2: Puritas Cordis released back in 2009 for Microsoft Windows, . A 12.6-metre (41 ft) wave struck the southern end of the 11.7-kilometre (7.3 mi)-long lake and caused damaging flooding in the Loelva River, the lake's northern outlet. This is currently the only known example of a megatsunami that was indirectly caused by human activities.[37]. The tsunami will sweep across the east coast of the United States. LA PALMA! THETIS domain surrounding La Palma (28 37′ 25.11″ N; 17 49′ 30.86″ W. (b) Details of La Palma Island with most inhabited locations and the study zone. The Kolbrin Bible La Palma Tsunami The mega-hyped tidal wave story: 03/09/07: 2: Evidence That a MEGA TSUNAMI Will Hit the East Coast of the US Soon.La Palma Island 4 Mile High Volcano on Verge of Collapse: 03/05/05: 3: Could the La Palma Volcano Tsunami WAVE be stopped by a nuclear explosion in the middle of the Atlantic? Madrid: Talleres del Instituto Geográfico y Catastral, 100 p., 1h. A megatsunami in the Canary Islands would diminish to a normal tsunami by the time it reached the continents. lun., 15 nov. 2021, 21:36. Short answer: No. Instead, the megatsunami was caused by a combination of events in quick succession. Geological analysis has revealed that a slab of rock 62 metres (203 ft) thick and at an elevation stretching from 150 to 900 metres (490 to 2,950 ft) is in motion. An unthinkable terrorist plot: The earth is shaking. The wave killed vegetation to a height of 20 metres (65 ft) at a distance of 5 kilometres (3 mi) from the landslide, and it reached heights of from 15 to 35 metres (50 to 115 ft) at different locations on the coast of Haenke Island. : MODELING OF LA PALMA TSUNAMI C05030 2of26 The same rockfall impact, in combination with the strong ground movements, the net vertical crustal uplift of about 3.5 feet, and an overall tilting seaward of the entire crustal block on which Lituya Bay was situated, generated the giant solitary gravity wave which swept the main body of the bay. Through its clearly written and richly color-illustrated introduction and field guide, this book is essential reading for geologists who visit the Canary Islands, one of the largest and most fascinating active volcanic systems in Europe. Emergency crews gave those living between the towns of Tazacorte and La Laguna only a few hours to collect their belongings and pets and leave the area. Assessing both the probability of these events happening in the future, and our chances of survival, this new edition brings our understanding of global disasters and risk research up to date, by using recent case studies from around the ... These giant wave heights occur because the water is "splashed" upwards and outwards by the impact or displacement. Analysis: La Palma's mega-tsunami is a disaster, no doubt. Geologists Dr. Simon Day and Dr. Steven Neal Ward consider that a megatsunami could be generated during an eruption of Cumbre Vieja on the volcanic ocean island of La Palma, in the Canary Islands, Spain. La Palma's volcano has been active for the last week, but Saturday's new volcanic vent is a worrying development. Damaging waves struck as far as 50 kilometres (31 mi) away, and waves were detected at a distance of 100 kilometres (62 mi) from the landslide. This has caused speculation that this flank could collapse. Geologists searching for oil in Alaska in 1953 observed that in Lituya Bay, mature tree growth did not extend to the shoreline as it did in many other bays in the region. ;23 cm, This page was last edited on 25 October 2021, at 06:57. "The geographical spread of events and deaths suggests the east coast faces the most In this Summer's disaster Movie, a Volcanic Island erupts triggering the flank collapse of La Palma near West Africa forming a 30-70ft Mega Tsunami that will flood the USA's East Coast from Boston to Miami. These instructions are given to people who need to be evacuated because of the volcanic eruption. Whether or not it's a coincidence remains to be seen . 11:54AM EST October 28, 2021 LaPalma is in full eruption. [32], On July 4, 1905, an overhanging glacier — since known as the Fallen Glacier — broke loose, slid out of its valley, and fell 305 metres (1,000 ft) down a steep slope into Disenchantment Bay in Alaska, clearing vegetation along a path 0.8 kilometres (0.5 mi) wide. A megatsunami is a tsunami with an initial wave amplitude (height) measured in many tens, hundreds, and possibly up to thousands of metres. Rihm, R; Krastel, S. & CD109 Shipboard Scientific Party; 1998. A 2010 model examined the amount of infill on the floor of the bay, which was many times larger than that of the rockfall alone, and also the energy and height of the waves, and the accounts given by eyewitnesses, concluded that there had been a "dual slide" involving a rockfall, which also triggered a release of 5 to 10 times its volume of sediment trapped by the adjacent Lituya Glacier, as an almost immediate and many times larger second slide, a ratio comparable with other events where this "dual slide" effect is known to have happened. This research was later found to be flawed. By contrast, megatsunamis are caused by landslides and other impact events that displace large volumes of water, resulting in waves that may exceed the height of an ordinary tsunami by tens or even hundreds of metres. Geologists and volcanologists are in general agreement that the initial study was flawed. La Palma Island is far left on map of Canary Islands — 62 miles (100 km) off the west coast of Morocco in the Atlantic Ocean — is at least 3,234 miles from New York City. Our topics include Conspiracy Theory, Secret Societies, UFOs and more! The book comes packaged with a CD-ROM that contains the computer codes and movies generated by the author and his colleagues at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. What is less well known is the impact that the islands' volcanic past have in . La erupción del Nambroque (junio-agosto de 1949). [34], On September 13, 1936, a landslide on the slope of the mountain Ramnefjellet with a volume of 1,000,000 cubic metres (1,300,000 cu yd) fell from a height of 800 metres (2,625 ft) into the southern end of the lake Lovatnet in Norway, generating three megatsunamis, the largest of which reached a height of 74 metres (243 ft). They don't produce tsunamis that move across the ocean. The book also suggests designing effective interagency exercises, using professional emergency-management standards to prepare communities, and prioritizing funding based on tsunami risk. [54][55] Day and Ward hypothesize[54][55] that if such an eruption causes the western flank to fail, a megatsunami could be generated. This book tells the story of the catastrophic impact of the giant 10 Km asteroid Chicxulub into the ancient Gulf of Mexico 65.5 million years ago. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Written for non-technical readers, it demystifies the world of amateur radio with simplified, building-block explanations. This complexity is increased due to the fact that two different heights are often reported for tsunamis – the height of the wave itself in open water, and the height to which it surges when it encounters land. Ltd. Design & Developed by:Total IT Software Solutions Pvt. About 300 more people fled their homes Thursday as lava from the Cumbre Vieja volcano on La Palma, Spain continued to advance towards more communities on the island. The long feared collapse of the western flank of La Palma is on the table with the latest events coming out of the island. All the warnings of a tsunami hitting the coast should be heeded 12 miles inland if it happens it takes out East Coast ports from New York to Florida. La Palma volcano eruptions: 2021 (Sep - ongoing), 1971, 1949, 1712, 1677-1678, 1646, 1585 Typical eruption style: effusive Last nearby quakes La Palma volcano tours: As winter sun holiday destinations go, the Canary Islands are one of the more well known places in the world for sun worshippers and grey sky dwelling northern europeans to head south to for the winter. Awhile ago I wrote an article titled "300 Foot Tsunami And East Coast Destruction" (linked below) regarding the possibility of 'La Palma' or 'El Hierro' of the Canary Islands partially collapsing into the Eastern Atlantic following a major volcanic eruption there. It does not depict the actual configuration of the earthquakes, and it isn't evidence that the earthquakes are being artificially manipulated. The only problem is, La Palma island was missing the west flank that everyone feared would collapse into the ocean and cause the tsunami. Hearing the word tsunami, surely everyone will get goose. [54][55] The likelihood of this happening is a matter of vigorous debate. The maximum inundation distance was 610 metres (2,000 ft) inland along the north shore of the bay. A Tsunami of 30 to 50 meters would obliterate much of the east coast, killing millions. [28], In 1792, Mount Unzen in Japan erupted, causing part of the volcano to collapse into the sea. From this understanding grew a notion that collapsing volcanoes — particularly in the Canary Islands — could generate an ocean-wide "mega-tsunami." In 2001, an academic paper suggested that collapse of La Palma could result in tsunami waves up to 25 m (about 80 feet) high along the east coasts of North and South America.

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